Bullying A Repetitious Epidemic Essay - 1606 Words

â€Å"New bullying statistics for 2010 revealed about one in seven students in grades kindergarten through 12th grade is either a bully or has been a victim of bullying† (â€Å"Bullying Statistics 2010†). How does a person detect whether someone is being bullied? â€Å"A person is bullied when he or she is exposed, repeatedly over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons, and he or she has difficulty defending himself or herself† (Olweus). Bullying takes place more in middle school because they are trying to fulfill a strong need for power, fit-in with their peers, and satisfy their pain. â€Å"Fear of being excluded by peers leads to by-standing, if the teen is aware of a bullying situation and decides to stay away or not get†¦show more content†¦Avoid encouraging the victim to retaliate. The best way to deal with bullies is to have very little interaction with them. Verbal bullying, involving name-calling, and intimidation, can cause low self-esteem and depression in emotional and psychological ways. The goal is to degrade and demean the victim. Girls use verbal bullying to demonstrate their superiority and power and boys use it for domination. It can be difficult for an adult to detect verbal bullying because there is no physical harm taking place. Though it may only be verbal, it can have physical consequences. Reluctance to go to school, complaints of being disliked and lasting depression are signs that a student is experiences verbal bullying. Ignoring the bully, reporting the situation to an adult, remaining calm and looking for sources of enjoyment are ways to deal with the bully. It may be difficult to end verbal bullying, but setting a good example can help reduce it by speaking kindly to someone and not being rude. Sexual bullying is the act of unwanted touching, obscene gestures, and circulation of obscene photos and conversations. It is usually based off someone’s sexuality and gender. â€Å"9 out of 10 [Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender] LGBT teens have been reported being bullied at school within the past year because of their sexual orientation† (â€Å"Gay Bullying Statistics†). Almost half of those students reported being physicallyShow MoreRelatedInformative Speech On Bullying1121 Words   |  5 Pagespeople in the audience today have been a victim of bullying? How many people have witnessed a person being bullied, but decided to do nothing? How many of you have bullied someone? None of these three situations are very pleasant. In fact, bullying itself have destroyed families, has left lifelong mental and physical nightmares and has taken many lives through physical actions and suicide. Welcome, today you’re about to witness real life bullying examples in real life. ( Curtains close, actors readyRead MoreBullying At School Is A Big Problem1977 Words   |  8 PagesBullying Epidemic Bullying at school is a big problem that is found in all the schools in the United States and across the world. Since the late 1990s there have been several fatal school shootings committed by victims of bullying that have brought bullying major media attention. This has resulted in an increase of awareness about the harmful effects on the kids being bullied as well as the bullies themselves. This has brought a large amount of local, state, and nationwide programs designed to

Physico-Chemical Properties of Dna Free Essays

DNA, as we all know, is esteemed with the title of ‘Master Molecule ’. The three letters of DNA denotes of deoxyribonucleic acid . Now the thing that we ponder on is why DNA is so important to us. We will write a custom essay sample on Physico-Chemical Properties of Dna or any similar topic only for you Order Now Why are the researchers scientist persistently working on DNA? Why it is so important to know the tiniest details of DNA structure and function.? The simplest answer for â€Å"Why Is DNA Important? † is that DNA is the prerequisite for life’s inception. Firstly, it transfers hereditary information from generation to generation. Secondly, it controls the production of proteins. DNA even determines the structure of the cell, meaning whether it would be a nerve cell or eye cell etc. Our DNA seems to be ultimately responsible for the size, shape and function of every protein that our bodies make. Similarly, the DNA of each plant and animal seems to be ultimately responsible for the size, shape and function of every protein that each of them makes. We will now take a small overview on history, physical properties , chemical properties of DNA. Overview on History : DNA was first isolated by Friedrich Miescher , who in 1869 discovered a microscopic substance in the pus of discarded surgical bandages that he called ‘NUCLEIN’ Finally in 1953, working together at the University of Cambridge in England, James Watson, an American scientist, and Francis Crick, a British researcher, made a major scientific breakthrough when they discovered the famous â€Å"double helix† – the structure of DNA, the molecule of life. In 2000 , a rough draft of a map of entire human genome was completed. In 2003,the final draft was completed . This information is being used to understand and function of disease. An interesting fact is If we unwrap all of the DNA of one individual’s body cell , we could reach the moon ! Physical Properties In living organisms such as humans, DNA exists as a pair of molecules rather than a single molecule. These strands are entwined in the shape of a double helix and the helix is kept stable by hydrogen bonds, which can be found between the bases attached to the two strands. A long polymer, DNA is made up of smaller units called nucleotides. In turn, each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar and a nitrogenous base. two helical chains each coiled round the same axis, and each with a pitch of 34  A and a radius of 10  A According to another study, when measured in a particular solution, the DNA chain measured 22 to 26  A wide, and one nucleotide unit measured 3. 3  A (0. 33  nm) long * Base Pairing 1. Base pairing is a defining property of DNA and was particularly exciting when it was first discovered because it suggested the ‘copying’ mechanism for DNA. 2. In DNA, bases are specific in that an adenine base, for example, only pairs with a thymine base. Following on that premise, a cytosine base will only bond to a guanine base. This base pairing is also known as complementary base pairing. * DNA Grooves DNA has two kinds of grooves that play important roles in its functioning. 1. Major and minor grooves are structures to allow for necessary proteins in your body to make contact with bases. You might wonder what makes it so important for proteins to attach to the bases. * DNA Supercoiling If you try to picture a rope, you can get a visual image of DNA supercoiling. 1. This coiling is a central property of DNA. DNA can be in a relaxed or coiled state and it is this coiling that allows our extremely long strands of DNA to fit or ‘pack’ into the comparatively much smaller cells in our bodies. * DNA Conformations DNA can exist in different conformations and these are important for a range of DNA mechanisms. These conformations interact with enzymes in your body and are also involved in aspects such as DNA repair. * Temperature As thermal energy increases, the frequency of hydrogen bonds breaking between the molecules increases. The Tm (melting temperature) of a DNA molecule is the temperature in which half the DNA molecules are denatures * DENSITY A. Density can be measured by CsCl-density ultracentrifugation B. Density can be used to estimate G+C content C. Density studies show the existence of satellite DNA * pH pH is lower then one result in the breakage of phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides and breakage of the N-glycosidic bond between the sugar and purine bases . H of around 4 results in the selective breakage of N-glycosidic bonds between the sugar and purinesBase tends to change the polarity of groups involved in hydrogen bondsDNA is resistant to hydrolysis to about pH 13 * DENATURATION: DNA is considered denatured when the double stranded DNA molecule is converted into two single stranded molecules CHEMICAL PROPERTIES A nucleoside is made of a sugar + a nitrogenous base. A nucleotide is made of a phosphate + a sugar + a nitrogenous base. In DNA, the nucleotide is a deoxyribonucleotide (in RNA, the nucleotide is a ribonucleotide). * Phosphoric acid Gives a phosphate group. * Sugar: Deoxyribose, which is a cyclic pentose (5-carbon sugar). Note: the sugar in RNA is a ribose. Carbons in the sugar are noted from 1†² to 5†². A nitrogen atom from the nitrogenous base links to C1†² (glycosidic link), and the phosphate links to C5†² (ester link) to make the nucleotide. The nucleotide is therefore: phosphate – C5†² sugar C1†² – base. * Nitrogenous bases: Aromatic heterocycles; there are purines and pyrimidines. Purines: adenine (A) and guanine (G). – Pyrimidines: cytosine (C) and thymine (T) (Note: thymine is replaced by uracyle (U) in RNA) The backbone of the DNA strand is made from alternating phosphate and sugar residues. [10] The sugar in DNA is 2-deoxyribose, which is a pentose (five-carbon) sugar. * The sugars are joined together by phosphate groups that form phosphodies ter bonds between the third and fifth carbon atoms of adjacent sugar rings. * These asymmetric bonds mean a strand of DNA has a direction. In a double helix the direction of the nucleotides in one strand is opposite to their direction in the other strand: the strands are antiparallel. The asymmetric ends of DNA strands are called the 5? (five prime) and 3? (three prime) ends, with the 5†² end having a terminal phosphate group and the 3†² end a terminal hydroxyl group. The DNA double helix is stabilized primarily by two forces: hydrogen bonds between nucleotides base-stacking interactions among the aromatic nucleobases Role that DNA plays in life: DNA is the blueprint of biological life from its inception to its growth and till death. Its discovery has not only revolutionized science and medicine but it has affected all walks of life; whether they are social, legal, criminal or inheritance related. DNA’s discovery has become important to the extent that it has even influenced a nation’s security parameters / concerns, as scientists have gone all the way to developing biological weapons. Genealogy:The study of ancestry, depends on the study of DNA. With the help of verbal and written history, and cues from DNA testing, one can trace his ancestors and learn about his family tree. Forensic science and its applications:DNA is an important part of it. It has resulted in many breakthroughs in criminal cases as it can be used to trace the criminals by comparing the DNA samples found on the crime scene with those extracted from the suspects. Agriculture: Scientists have used this knowledge to improve the food products and crops by genetically modifying them and making them more powerful to fight diseases. Some really Interesting information about DNA! * 99. 9% of our DNA sequence is the same as other humans. This 0. 1% DNA difference between us may have to do with the number of nucleotides in a person’s DNA! When DNA is copied into a new life , the nucleotides are either gained or lost in the process. This gain or loss results in our differences ! * It would take a person typing 60 words per minute, 8 hour a day, around 50 years to type the human genome! * Our entire DNA sequence is called a genome and there’s an estimated 3000,000,000 DNA bases in our genome! * A complete 3 billion base genome would take 3 GIGABYTES of storage space. * Our entire DNA sequence would fill 2001,000 pages! * Human and Chimps share anywhere between 94-99% of their DNA! * According to a recent research ,humans have at least 1-4% NEANDERTHAL DNA . At some point HOMOSAPIENS and NEANDERTHAL mingled and mated! References * Alberts, Bruce; Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts and Peter Walters (2002). Molecular Biology of the Cell; Fourth Edition. New York and London: Garland Science. * Wikipedia- http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/DNA * Watson J. D. and Crick F. H. C. (1953). â€Å"A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid† (PDF) * T. M. Devlin’s Textbook of Biochemistry 7th (Seventh) edition(Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations (Textbook of Biochemistry w/ Clinical Correlations) [Hardcover])(2010) How to cite Physico-Chemical Properties of Dna, Papers

Analyzing the Professional Identity of a Nurse-Free-Samples

Questions: 1.Read the ABC News article titled: Just a nurse: Queensland woman writes open letter to woman at corner store. 2.Provide a one to two paragraph reflection on your thoughts in relation to your own professional identity. Answers: 1.Professional identity is an important resource, which aids people to sustain and develop motivation to obtain maximum productivity and produce results in the particular domain at their workplace. It enables people to reflect on their work and personal achievements (Hoeve, Jansen, Roodbol, 2014). The aim of this assignment is to investigate the different elements that constitute performance of Caitlin Brassington, a nurse. It illustrates the professional identity of a registered nurse and the factors that promote accountability for her professional development. Does Caitlin Brassington demonstrate a professional identity?- This essay sheds light on the professional role of a nurse and how the society undervalues it through a global conversation, which sparked off when an acquaintance told Caitlin Brassington that the latter was just a nurse (Abc.net.au, 2017). From her account it can be deduced that she has performed CPR on patients, helped babies in their birth and to take their first breath, brought patients back to life, provided empathy and compassion towards patients and their family, have worked continuously for 12 hours without a break and have missed her childrens birthdays and school events for work. This demonstrates that she has demonstrates a professional nursing identity. Professional identity and professional nursing- Nursing is considered as one of the most ethical and trusted profession. It is a physically challenging task. Often, it becomes demeaning while cleaning blood, vomit or body fluids of patients (Chen et al., 2014). However, nurses are always caring for the needs of their patients and are trying to achieve a professional identity in their workplace, which includes both professional and personal development. It involves utilization of certain core values, which are integral to the science and art of nursing. A nurses critical learning depends largely on reflection of their clinical experience and its utilization to improve their practice (Masters, 2015) (as shown in Figure 1). Figure 1: Professional identity of a nurse Source: (Masters, 2015) There are different attributes that can lead to development of professional identity of a nurse. Interpersonal skills involve compatibility between behavior towards others, compassion, commitment and confidence. Narration of shared experiences and self-reflection capacity are some of the major precursors for a successful professional development. Independent thinking and increased realistic professional image help in improving therapeutic performance. Discerning professional aspects of a nurses role- Caitlin Brassington writes about educating junior nurses, patients and other caregivers. While helping next generation of nurses and patients about the conditions of the disease, its prognosis and preferred management techniques, teaching provides personal satisfaction to the nurses. A staff nurse plays an essential role in providing clinical nurse education. Positive clinical learning helps in recruitment of nursing staff in future. Application of classroom concepts to practice provides a simulated experience to the young nursing students. Clinical faculty and staff nurses cultivate their partnership while providing education and this bridge the gap between practice and education. Therefore, they work as both a teacher and a registered nurse. They provide education on a plethora of subjects, from general nursing techniques to specialization areas. A nurse who is passionate about teaching can encourage and inspire students to focus on the patients (Richardson, Percy Hughes, 2015). She effectively interacts with the family members of the patient with a positive approach that provides them all necessary information regarding the health implications. Involving family improves chances of utilization of the therapeutic instructions because family plays an essential role in managing healthcare. Excellent instructions have shown dramatic patient outcomes in multiple cases. However, there can be certain challenges in clinical teaching like poor patient attitude and shortage of clinical sites. Another aspect which she has written in her blog is performing CPR to revive patients. CPR stands for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and is a life saving technique. It is used to maintain oxygenated blood flow to the heart and brain during emergency situations. Nurses are responsible for attending a patient of cardiac arrest quickly through CPR. Their competency is critical in preventing impending death and improving patient outcome. Nurses are often present first on the scene of a cardiac arrest and need to initiate resuscitation immediately (Chen et al., 2014). They analyze if the patient is unresponsive, check the pulse at carotid artery and start compressions within 10-15 seconds of cardiac arrest identification. They compress the chest at a measured rate of 10 compressions per minute for adults, allow chest recoil, minimize interruptions and provide effective breathing techniques. They also delegate junior staff for collection of supplies and equipments and document the cardiac r hythm and vital signs of the patient. Therefore, a nurse should be competent enough in CPR skills to provide advanced life support during emergency situations (Roh Issenberg, 2014). She also writes about her role in providing emotional, social support and comfort to the patients and family members. Studies have proved that nurses empower and engage their patients through empathetic attitude. They acknowledge and respect the concerns of the patient and make the latter feel validated. It helps in building effective communication and a sense of trust. Listening to the patients woes helps in better understanding of their discomfort and designing care based preference. Interaction and socialization with the family members make a patient more relaxed and helps them to stay calm. They are able to reciprocate socialization and also start respecting the healthcare givers. This reduces chances of non-compliance. It influences the behavioral and cognitive components of the patient and leads to positive health outcomes (Turner, Chur?Hansen Winefield, 2014). It improves patient satisfaction. However, a certain amount of neutrality should be exhibited by the nurse to avoid c ompassion and emotionality from interfering with care providing mechanism. It can be concluded from this part of the assignment that nurses play an important role in promoting patient wellness through a range of health services. They care for the sick with kindness, compassion and knowledge and even sacrifice their family life to work for the betterment of their patients. An analysis of the blog concludes that nursing is a rewarding experience for all practitioners. 2.I was quite surprised to read about the duties of a registered nurse. The blog helped me clarify the misconception that a nurses role revolved around bedpans and sponge baths only. Although, I was not nave about a nurses role, I did not have a complete idea about their responsibilities. The blog helped me understand that nurses are responsible for providing hands-on care to each patient by managing CPR, monitoring their conditions, maintaining records, understanding the physiology and anatomy behind a particular disorder (McCloskey et al., 2015). I gathered information on the sacrifices a nurse makes while she is on duty and how she treats a patient with utmost priority by setting aside children and family matters (Urden, Stacy Lough, 2015). My knowledge base and awareness increased. It gave an insight that the life of a nurse can be fulfilling in spite of the tedious tasks one has to perform every day. I was also amazed to see the response from social media. I had heard about the negative aspects of social media like online crimes and cyber bullying. However, this incident helped me realize that social media can be used as a platform for promoting ideas and empathizing with others. It helped in creating empathy towards all those working women who constantly face discrimination. However, I also identified some underlying challenges associated with nursing practices like shortage of trained staff, workplace violence and noncooperation from patients, working hazards and long working hours. Therefore, I realized that being a nurse is a demanding profession but not without some challenges References Abc.net.au. (2017).'Am I just a nurse?'.ABC News. Retrieved 16 August 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-11/just-a-nurse-queensland-woman-writes-open-letter/7919422 Chen, M. J., Yu, S., Chen, I. J., Wang, K. W. K., Lan, Y. H., Tang, F. I. (2014). Evaluation of nurses' knowledge and understanding of obstacles encountered when administering resuscitation medications.Nurse education today,34(2), 177-184. Hoeve, Y. T., Jansen, G., Roodbol, P. (2014). The nursing profession: public image, self?concept and professional identity. A discussion paper.Journal of advanced nursing,70(2), 295-309. Masters, K. (2015).Role development in professional nursing practice. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Richardson, C., Percy, M., Hughes, J. (2015). Nursing therapeutics: Teaching student nurses care, compassion and empathy.Nurse education today,35(5), e1-e5. Roh, Y. S., Issenberg, S. B. (2014). Association of cardiopulmonary resuscitation psychomotor skills with knowledge and self?efficacy in nursing students.International journal of nursing practice,20(6), 674-679. Turner, M., Chur?Hansen, A., Winefield, H. (2014). The neonatal nurses' view of their role in emotional support of parents and its complexities.Journal of clinical nursing,23(21-22), 3156-3165. McCloskey, R., Donovan, C., Stewart, C., Donovan, A. (2015). How registered nurses, licensed practical nurses and resident aides spend time in nursing homes: an observational study.International journal of nursing studies,52(9), 1475-1483. Urden, L. D., Stacy, K. M., Lough, M. E. (2015).Priorities in critical care nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences.